![]() ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Iris pseudacorus".^ "Which flowers are the best source of nectar?".It can also withstand high salinity levels in the water. This plant has been used as a form of water treatment since it can take up macronutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) through its roots, and is featured in many AS Level Biology practicals as its ability to grow in low pH levels makes it a useful indicator. The plant's roots and leaves are poisonous. Iris pseudacorus is reported as invasive in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. It has been banned in some areas but is still widely sold in others for use in gardens. ![]() Even ploughing the rhizomes is often ineffective. Where it is invasive, it is tough to remove on a large scale. In some regions (including the USA and South Africa) where it is not native, it has escaped from cultivation to establish itself as an invasive aquatic plant which can create dense, monotypic stands, outcompeting other plants in the ecosystem. It used to grow in the ditch of the fortified city of Mdina, on the island of Malta, where water was readily available, but since the renovation of the ditch it has since vanished from the area. Other cultivars known include Alba (with pale cream flowers) and Golden Fleece (with dark yellow flowers).
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